Introducing aquatic plants into a pond is key to achieving and maintaining a healthy ecological balance and water clarity. Aquatic plants shade and cover the surface; help keep the water clean and clear; discourage the growth of algae; and provide shelter for fish. Both the roots and foliage of aquatic plants absorb minerals, nutrients and carbon dioxide from pond water. Finding a harmonious relationship between plants and fish is important.

Submerged plants are often referred to as water weeds. There is nothing pretty about these types of plants, but they are the hardest working of all plants in a pond. Their stems and leaves are submerged, and they are found in the deepest part of the pond. Crucial to the ecosystem, they oxygenate and filter water, absorb nutrients, reduce algae, serve as protection for baby fish, and provide shelter for spawning fish. Submerged plants are rapid spreaders and will eventually become invasive. Examples: cabomba (pictured), elodea, hornwort.

Floating pond plants simply float about on the water rather than being anchored in soil. Each plant has a well-developed root system that directly removes nutrients and minerals from the water. This in turn fertilizes the plants. Floaters also shade the water and deprive algae of necessary sunlight. Most floating plants are vigorous and rapid growers, and will require regular thinning out. Examples include water hyacinth, azolla, and water lettuce (pictured).

Marginal pond plants are grown on pond ledges. Only the roots and lower stems of these plants are in the water; their foliage is above the water. Marginal plants are almost always used for decoration; to add colour, and mostly help the pond blend into the surrounding garden. They must be containerized to keep their invasive roots in check. Examples include iris (pictured), canna, and taro.

Deep water pond plants are rooted in pots and tubs at the bottom of the pond. They are typically placed at 2½-3ft unless elevated by blocks. Their roots and stems are submerged, and leaves and flowers float on the water. They provide valuable surface shade and help keep the water cool. Water lilies (pictured) and lotuses are the major components of this group.
 

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Web Administrator - Isa Webb.
Last Updated: Wednesday February 24, 2010